The Significance of Vaikunta Chaturdashi Vrata

Shankaranarayana

Vaikuntha Chaturdashi is a day dedicated to both Lord Shiva & Maha Vishnu. The significance of this day and the vratha to be observed is described in a very detailed manner in the Kartikamasa mahatmya of the Vaishnava khanda in the Skanda puranam.

On this very day during the Sathya yuga Lord Maha Vishnu went to Kashi to have a darshana of Mahadeva. Before proceeding for the darshana he took a bath at the Manikarnika ghat & in the process took a 1000 golden Lotus flowers with him to worship Shiva.

Vishnu took a 1000 lotus flowers to perform the Sahasranama for Shiva (1 lotus for 1 name). In order to test Vishnu's devotion, Shiva secretly takes away 1 lotus before the worship. Nearing the end of the Sahasranama, Vishnu realizes he is short by 1 lotus. Vishnu wondered if the shortfall in the lotuses was due to a error in counting of the lotuses or error in reciting of the 1000 names. He concluded there has been no mistake in reciting the 1000 names. The mistake must've been the in counting the lotuses. Vishnu had resolved at the outset for a worship with a 1000 lotuses. "How shall Mahadeva be worshiped when lotuses are short by one. If I go to fetch one, I will have to break the rule of continuous sitting. Now what should be done?" Vishnu was worried with this thought.

Vishnu praised as Pundarikaksha by the Rishis i.e. the Lotus eyed one. In a stunning display of devotion, Shri Maha Vishnu proceeds to dislodge his own lotus shaped eye with his index finger & offers it to Shiva in place of the missing lotus.

Mahadeva moved by Maha Vishnu's gesture says there is no one in the 3 worlds that is as devoted to him as Vishnu is & declares him as the protector of the 3 worlds. Shiva also declares that those who worship him but not Maha Vishnu will certainly fall into Naraka.

Vishnu asks: "O Maheshvara, the duty of protecting the three worlds has been assigned to me. Daityas are very haughty. They have enormous strength. How can they be killed by me?"

To which Shiva answers : "This discus Sudarśana is capable of cutting down the great Daityas. It is given to you by me. O Lord Viṣṇu, accept this. Work a havoc among Daityas with this, O Lord." Shiva then hands the Sudarshana Chakra to Shri Maha Vishnu.

Shiva gifting the Sudarshana Chakra to Vishnu

Since then Lord Shiva came to be known as Chakradanamurthi. It is one among the 25 manifestations of Lord Shiva known as Panchavimshatalilamurti. This event is depicted in stone at the Srikanteshwara swamy temple at Nanjangudu. I have written a post on this which can be read HERE

Now regarding the details of the Vrata. Lord Shiva says : "In the year named Hemalamba, on the 14th day in the bright half of the glorious month of Karttika at the time of dawn, on the Tithi pertaining to Mahadeva (i.e. the 14th one) in the Brahma Muhurta you (Vishnu) took your bath in Manikarnika after coming here from Vaikuntha. Then the Linga of Vishveshvara was worshipped with a thousand lotuses. Hence it will become a favourite of mine. It shall be famous in all the worlds as Vaikuntha Chaturdashi"

Shiva says: Vishnu worship should be performed by persons of all castes. They shall observe fast during the day & perform Vishnu's worship in the evening. Afterwards Shiva's worship is to be performed. Otherwise Shiva's worship shall be futile.

For the purpose of the worship of Vishnu, the Chaturdashi extending to the night should be taken. The devotee shall worship Shiva at the time of dawn.

Devotees who worship Vishnu at the outset with a thousand lotuses and then Shiva afterwards are indeed living liberated souls.

Lord Shiva gives more details regarding the Vrata (this is mainly centered around Punya Teerthas in Kashi). "After taking the bath in the evening in Pancanada (Panchaganga ghat), the devotee should worship Bindumadhava (original temple destroyed by barbarian aurangzeb).

He who takes his bath in Vishnukanchi shall worship Anantasena. Thereafter he shall take his bath in Rudrakanchi and worship Pranavesha.

First the devotee should take bath in Vaniteertha & then worship Narayana. Thereafter he should take bath in Retodaka & worship Kedaresha. 

At the outset the devotee should take bath in Yamuna & worship Venimadhava. Then he should take bath in Ganga & worship Sangamesha.

This is the significance of Vaikunta Chaturdashi. This is followed by Kartika purnima. It is on Kartika purnima that Lord Shiva assumes the form of Tripurantakamurthi & slays evil asuras Tarakaksha, Vidyunmali & Kamalaksha (collectively known as Tripurasura)

Vaikunta Chaturdashi is the perfect occasion to chant the Vishnu Sahasranama followed by Shiva Sahasranama. The benefits to be had by performing them today increase by several manifolds. This is said by Lord Shiva himself.

References

Skandapuranam

Description of the geography of Bharatavarsha in the Markandeya Puranam

One of the most exhaustive accounts of the description of Bharatavarsha & Jambudwipa comes from the Markandeya puranam. Markandeya describes to sage Kraustuki the geographical features including mountain, river & forest systems of Bharat.

                          

To the question posed by sage Kraustuki on the size of the earth, its continents, oceans, mountains & rivers of Bharat, Markandeya answers. He says the earth is 50 times 10 million yojanas in every direction. Markandeya also lists 7 continents including Jambudweepa. Markandeya lists the 7 continents (dweepa) in increasing order of their size starting with Jambudweepa followed by Plaksa, Salmala, Kusa, Krauncha, Saka & finally the Pushkara dvipa, the biggest of all. He says all these 7 continents are surrounded by salt water ocean.

In the above shlokas, Markandeya lists out the 9 division of Bharat. He demarcates the eastern & western borders by describing the people who dwell beyond the borders of Bharat. To the east are the Kiratas & the west the Yavanas.

Markandeya then lists 7 mountain ranges of Bharat. 

1)Mahendra(eastern Odisha/AP ghats) 

2)Malaya(Kerala/TN/Karnataka portion of western ghats) 

3)Sahya(MH portion of western ghats) 

4)Suktimat(chain of mountains in MP) 

5)Rksa(central India) 

6)Vindhya 

7)Paripatra(western Vindhya range)

Regarding the Himalayas, Markandeya mentions it while describing the geography of Jambudweepa. Himalaya is mentioned as a continental mountain range (हिमवान्हेमकूच निषधो मेरुरेव च), perhaps suggesting its massive size compared to the other mountain ranges.

Apart from the 7 mountain ranges, Markandeya identifies individual peaks in them. For example this verse mentions mount Mandara of the Samudra mantan fame, identified as a peak near modern day Bhagalpur in Bihar. 

Next Markandeya classifies rivers based on their origin (of the mountain range). 1st set of rivers are those originating from the Himalayas. Ganga, Saraswati & Sindhu being the foremost of the rivers. Also mentioned are other holy rivers like Yamuna, Satadru, Iravati, Gomati etc

Next set of rivers are those originating from the Paripatra mountain range(western Vindhyas). The names of some of these rivers are so sweet sounding. Vedasmrti, Vedavati, Anandini, Sadanira, Avarni etc are some of the central Indian rivers originating from the Vindhyas.

Narmada, Mahanadi, Mandakini(different from the one at Rudraprayag) too are mentioned as rivers originating from the Vindhyas. Other rivers include Suratha, Chitrakuta, Citrotpala, Tamasa, Vanjula, Sumeruja, Suktimati, Vega vahini etc

Markandeya next lists out rivers originating from the Sahyadri range(this includes even portion of the western ghats as far as present day Kodagu where Kaveri is born). Rivers listed are Godavari, Bhima, Krishna, Venya, Tungabhadra, Suprayoga(tributary of Krishna) & Kaveri.

In this shloka Markandeya mentions the names of the southernmost rivers originating from the Malaya mountain range (Kerala part of western ghat). Rivers mentioned are Krtamala(Vedamali) a river flowing through Cochin, Tamaparani(the most well known of all), Pushpaja, Utpalavati.

Rivers with their origins in the Mahendra mountains (eastern ghats) Pitr-soma, Rsi-kulya, Iksukha, Tridiva,Laangulini, Vamshakaara. These rivers flow through Odisha & northern Andhra & into the bay of bengal.

Markandeya ends his description of rivers by saying सर्वाः पुण्याः सरस्वत्यः सर्वा गङ्गाः समुद्रगाः विश्वस्य मातरः सर्वाः सर्वपापहराः स्मृताः All rivers possess holy merit, all are rivers flowing into the ocean, all are mothers of the world, they are well known to cleanse from all sin.

Markandeya concludes with these two verses. The second verse describes Bharatavarsha as a peninsula which is surrounded by the great ocean on its south, west & east. With Himalayas to the north stretching like the string of a bow.

References

Markandeya Puranam